Baltimore @ Los Angeles
Dodger Stadium
Team Table
Team |
W/L |
H/A |
$ |
RF |
RA |
Tot |
O/U |
BAL
|
76-56 |
37-26 |
147 |
4.98 |
4.33 |
9.32 |
72-51 |
LAD
|
78-53 |
43-23 |
-681 |
4.95 |
4.06 |
9.01 |
68-60 |
BAL vs LADHead To Head
Win / Loss
6-4
Head-To-Head
Date |
Home |
Result |
ML |
O/U |
BAL Starter (IP) |
LAD Starter (IP) |
Jul 19, '23 |
BAL
|
8 - 5
|
BAL +126
|
o9.0 |
D. Kremer (4.2) |
J. Urias (5.0) |
Jul 18, '23 |
BAL
|
10 - 3
|
LAD +107
|
o9.5 |
T. Wells (2.0) |
M. Grove (5.0) |
Jul 17, '23 |
BAL
|
6 - 4
|
LAD -106
|
o9.5 |
G. Rodriguez (5.0) |
E. Sheehan (5.0) |
Sep 12, '19 |
BAL
|
4 - 2
|
LAD -221
|
u10.0 |
D. Bundy (5.2) |
R. Hill (0.2) |
Sep 11, '19 |
BAL
|
7 - 3
|
BAL +184
|
P10.0 |
J. Means (6.1) |
R. Stripling (3.0) |
Sep 10, '19 |
BAL
|
7 - 3
|
LAD -329
|
u10.5 |
T. Blach (2.1) |
W. Buehler (7.0) |
Jul 06, '16 |
LAD
|
6 - 4
|
BAL +100
|
o7.5 |
K. Gausman (5.0) |
B. Norris (5.0) |
Jul 05, '16 |
LAD
|
4 - 1
|
BAL +124
|
u7.5 |
C. Tillman (7.0) |
K. Maeda (4.0) |
Jul 04, '16 |
LAD
|
7 - 5
|
LAD -170
|
o7.5 |
Y. Gallardo (4.0) |
J. Urias (3.1) |
Apr 21, '13 |
BAL
|
7 - 4
|
LAD +115
|
o9.0 |
J. Arrieta (4.0) |
S. Fife (4.2) |
Baltimore Record Last 10
Team - Last 10
Date |
vs |
Result |
ML |
O/U |
Starter (IP) |
Opp Starter (IP) |
Aug 25, '24 |
HOU
|
L 3 - 6
|
L -106
|
o8.0 |
D. Kremer (6.0) |
Y. Kikuchi (5.2) |
Aug 24, '24 |
HOU
|
W 3 - 2
|
W -107
|
u8.0 |
A. Suarez (5.2) |
F. Valdez (5.2) |
Aug 23, '24 |
HOU
|
W 7 - 5
|
W +105
|
o8.0 |
C. Povich (5.0) |
H. Brown (6.0) |
Aug 22, '24 |
HOU
|
L 0 - 6
|
L -165
|
u7.5 |
C. Burnes (5.2) |
S. Arrighetti (6.0) |
Aug 21, '24 |
@
NYM
|
L 3 - 4
|
L +127
|
u8.5 |
C. Irvin (4.1) |
S. Manaea (7.0) |
Aug 20, '24 |
@
NYM
|
W 9 - 5
|
W +117
|
o8.5 |
D. Kremer (6.0) |
J. Quintana (5.0) |
Aug 19, '24 |
@
NYM
|
L 3 - 4
|
L +124
|
u9.0 |
T. Rogers (4.2) |
D. Peterson (7.0) |
Aug 18, '24 |
BOS
|
W 4 - 2
|
W -119
|
u9.5 |
A. Suarez (6.0) |
K. Crawford (5.1) |
Aug 17, '24 |
BOS
|
L 1 - 5
|
L -108
|
u9.5 |
C. Povich (6.1) |
B. Bello (6.0) |
Aug 16, '24 |
BOS
|
L 10 - 12
|
L -170
|
o9.0 |
C. Burnes (4.0) |
B. Bernardino (0.2) |
LA Dodgers Record Last 10
Team - Last 10
Date |
vs |
Result |
ML |
O/U |
Starter (IP) |
Opp Starter (IP) |
Aug 25, '24 |
TB
|
W 3 - 1
|
W -225
|
u9.0 |
G. Stone (7.0) |
J. Lopez (5.0) |
Aug 24, '24 |
TB
|
L 8 - 9
|
L -219
|
o7.5 |
C. Kershaw (5.0) |
T. Bradley (6.0) |
Aug 23, '24 |
TB
|
W 7 - 3
|
W -193
|
o8.5 |
B. Miller (6.0) |
T. Alexander (4.1) |
Aug 21, '24 |
SEA
|
W 8 - 4
|
W -185
|
o8.0 |
J. Flaherty (5.2) |
L. Gilbert (4.2) |
Aug 20, '24 |
SEA
|
W 6 - 3
|
W -156
|
P9.0 |
W. Buehler (4.0) |
B. Miller (4.0) |
Aug 19, '24 |
SEA
|
W 3 - 0
|
W -143
|
u8.0 |
G. Stone (7.0) |
B. Woo (6.1) |
Aug 18, '24 |
@
STL
|
W 2 - 1
|
W +103
|
u7.5 |
C. Kershaw (6.0) |
S. Gray (5.0) |
Aug 17, '24 |
@
STL
|
L 2 - 5
|
L -112
|
u9.0 |
B. Miller (4.2) |
A. Pallante (7.0) |
Aug 16, '24 |
@
STL
|
W 7 - 6
|
W -128
|
o9.5 |
J. Wrobleski (5.0) |
M. Mikolas (5.2) |
Aug 15, '24 |
@
MIL
|
L 4 - 6
|
L -134
|
o7.5 |
J. Flaherty (5.0) |
T. Myers (5.2) |
Series Stats
Remaining Games - Series BAL @ LAD
Date |
BAL Starter |
LAD Starter |
Wed, Aug 28
22:10 ET
|
C. Burnes
R (12-6 3.28)
|
W. Buehler
R (1-4 5.68)
|
Thu, Aug 29
22:10 ET
|
C. Povich
L (1-6 6.1)
|
-- |
Series Game Records
Baltimore - series game records
|
Overall |
After Win |
After Loss |
Game 1 |
23-19 |
14-12 |
9-7 |
Game 2 |
25-17 |
15-8 |
10-9 |
Game 3 |
22-17 |
10-12 |
12-5 |
Game 4 |
6-3 |
4-2 |
2-1 |
LA Dodgers - series game records
|
Overall |
After Win |
After Loss |
Game 1 |
28-15 |
14-8 |
14-7 |
Game 2 |
27-16 |
18-10 |
9-6 |
Game 3 |
19-21 |
12-14 |
7-7 |
Game 4 |
4-1 |
1-0 |
3-1 |
Baltimore
Date |
vs |
W-L |
Home/Away |
Thu, Aug 29 - Fri, Aug 30 |
@
LAD
|
78-54 |
43-24 H |
Sat, Aug 31 - Sun, Sep 1 |
@
COL
|
49-84 |
30-34 H |
Mon, Sep 2 - Wed, Sep 4 |
vs
CHW
|
31-101 |
13-53 A |
LA Dodgers
Date |
vs |
W-L |
Home/Away |
Thu, Aug 29 - Fri, Aug 30 |
vs
BAL
|
77-56 |
38-26 A |
Sat, Aug 31 - Mon, Sep 2 |
@
AZ
|
75-57 |
37-27 H |
Wed, Sep 4 - Thu, Sep 5 |
@
LAA
|
54-78 |
27-40 H |
BAL vs LAD Starters Recent Games
Last 5
Date
Score
|
Line |
O/U |
IP |
H |
R |
ER |
SO |
BB |
HR |
PIT |
P/IP |
GB:FB |
|
L +127 |
u8.5
|
4.1 |
5 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
83 |
19.2 |
1.5 |
|
L -169 |
o9.0
|
3.2 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
80 |
21.8 |
1.7 |
|
L -151 |
o9.0
|
4.0 |
10 |
8 |
4 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
71 |
17.8 |
2.0 |
|
W +150 |
o8.5
|
4.2 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
84 |
18.0 |
0.5 |
|
L -108 |
p9.0
|
5.2 |
9 |
4 |
3 |
8 |
1 |
0 |
100 |
17.6 |
1.0 |
Last 5 Avg. |
|
|
4.1 |
6.8 |
4.8 |
3.8 |
3.0 |
1.4 |
1.0 |
83.6 |
18.9 |
1.3 |
Last Vs Los Angeles
Last Vs Los Angeles
Date
Score
|
Line |
O/U |
IP |
H |
R |
ER |
SO |
BB |
HR |
PIT |
P/IP |
GB:FB |
Cole Irvin has not played against LAD Dodgers. |
Last 5
Date
Score
|
Line |
O/U |
IP |
H |
R |
ER |
SO |
BB |
HR |
PIT |
P/IP |
GB:FB |
|
W -185 |
o8.0
|
5.2 |
5 |
2 |
1 |
5 |
1 |
0 |
99 |
17.5 |
1.3 |
|
L -134 |
o7.5
|
5.0 |
4 |
3 |
3 |
7 |
2 |
2 |
93 |
18.6 |
1.5 |
|
W -222 |
o7.5
|
5.2 |
9 |
4 |
4 |
10 |
1 |
2 |
110 |
19.4 |
0.7 |
|
W -161 |
o8.0
|
6.0 |
5 |
0 |
0 |
7 |
1 |
0 |
99 |
16.5 |
1.7 |
|
L +127 |
u7.0
|
6.0 |
3 |
1 |
0 |
6 |
2 |
0 |
96 |
16.0 |
1.0 |
Last 5 Avg. |
|
|
5.2 |
5.2 |
2.0 |
1.6 |
7.0 |
1.4 |
0.8 |
99.4 |
17.6 |
1.2 |
Last Vs Baltimore
Last Vs Baltimore
Date
Score
|
Line |
O/U |
IP |
H |
R |
ER |
SO |
BB |
HR |
PIT |
P/IP |
GB:FB |
Jack Flaherty has not played against BAL Orioles. |
All Pitchers
Team |
ERA |
AVG. |
OBP |
WHIP |
IP |
HR |
BB |
K |
Baltimore
|
3.96 |
.234 |
.303 |
1.23 |
8.2 |
1.1 |
3.0 |
8.5 |
Los Angeles
|
3.74 |
.230 |
.299 |
1.21 |
8.2 |
1.2 |
3.0 |
8.6 |
Starters
Team |
Runs/9 |
ERA |
AVG. |
OBP |
WHIP |
IP |
HR |
BB |
K |
Baltimore
|
4.26 |
3.87 |
.243 |
.306 |
1.26 |
5.1 |
0.7 |
1.7 |
5.0 |
Los Angeles
|
4.09 |
3.87 |
.237 |
.299 |
1.23 |
5.0 |
0.7 |
1.6 |
4.9 |
Relievers
Team |
Runs/9 |
ERA |
AVG. |
OBP |
WHIP |
IP |
HR |
BB |
K |
Baltimore
|
4.55 |
4.10 |
.220 |
.298 |
1.19 |
3.1 |
0.4 |
1.3 |
3.5 |
Los Angeles
|
4.09 |
3.57 |
.220 |
.299 |
1.18 |
3.2 |
0.5 |
1.4 |
3.7 |
Baltimore Bullpen |
REST |
G |
IP |
H |
R |
ER |
HR |
BB |
SO |
ERA |
WHIP |
GB:FB |
Danny Coulombe (L)
|
79 |
29 |
26.0 |
13 |
7 |
7 |
3 |
3 |
28 |
2.42 |
0.62 |
25:13 |
Last 3 |
|
3 |
4.1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
5 |
0.00 |
0.23 |
2:6 |
Matt Krook (L)
|
57 |
1 |
1.0 |
1 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
18.00 |
2.00 |
2:0 |
Last 3 |
|
1 |
1.0 |
1 |
3 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
18.00 |
2.00 |
2:0 |
Jacob Webb (R)
|
24 |
53 |
49.2 |
34 |
21 |
17 |
4 |
24 |
53 |
3.08 |
1.17 |
36:35 |
Last 3 |
|
3 |
3.1 |
3 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
4 |
5.40 |
1.50 |
1:1 |
Gregory Soto (L)
|
4 |
8 |
5.2 |
10 |
8 |
8 |
1 |
5 |
7 |
12.71 |
2.65 |
6:2 |
Last 3 |
|
3 |
2.1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
4 |
0.00 |
1.29 |
2:0 |
Craig Kimbrel (R)
|
3 |
51 |
46.2 |
31 |
24 |
20 |
7 |
26 |
66 |
3.86 |
1.22 |
27:24 |
Last 3 |
|
3 |
2.2 |
3 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
3 |
3.38 |
1.13 |
2:1 |
Seranthony Dominguez (R)
|
2 |
14 |
13.0 |
7 |
4 |
4 |
4 |
3 |
16 |
2.77 |
0.77 |
7:7 |
Last 3 |
|
3 |
2.1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
2 |
3.86 |
0.43 |
2:3 |
Keegan Akin (L)
|
2 |
52 |
65.0 |
46 |
25 |
25 |
7 |
16 |
79 |
3.46 |
0.95 |
48:39 |
Last 3 |
|
3 |
5.0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
9 |
0.00 |
0.20 |
3:3 |
Yennier Cano (R)
|
2 |
59 |
51.2 |
47 |
18 |
16 |
6 |
20 |
52 |
2.79 |
1.30 |
70:17 |
Last 3 |
|
3 |
3.0 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
6 |
0.00 |
1.00 |
2:1 |
Matt Bowman (R)
|
1 |
2 |
2.1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
3 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
3:1 |
Last 3 |
|
2 |
2.1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
3 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
3:1 |
Burch Smith (R)
|
1 |
18 |
18.2 |
17 |
14 |
12 |
5 |
2 |
18 |
5.79 |
1.02 |
18:10 |
Last 3 |
|
3 |
3.1 |
5 |
6 |
5 |
3 |
0 |
2 |
13.50 |
1.50 |
5:1 |
Cionel Perez (L)
|
1 |
48 |
42.0 |
34 |
20 |
18 |
0 |
21 |
38 |
3.86 |
1.31 |
48:20 |
Last 3 |
|
3 |
2.2 |
2 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
4 |
0.00 |
1.13 |
3:1 |
Bullpen Total |
176 |
335 |
321.2 |
240 |
144 |
129 |
38 |
121 |
362 |
3.61 |
1.12 |
290:168 |
Last 3 |
|
30 |
32.1 |
20 |
14 |
11 |
7 |
7 |
44 |
3.06 |
0.84 |
27:18 |
Available Bullpen |
173 |
267 |
258.2 |
189 |
110 |
99 |
33 |
98 |
303 |
3.44 |
1.11 |
221:137 |
LA Dodgers Bullpen |
REST |
G |
IP |
H |
R |
ER |
HR |
BB |
SO |
ERA |
WHIP |
GB:FB |
Connor Brogdon (R)
|
139 |
1 |
1.0 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
18.00 |
2.00 |
2:1 |
Last 3 |
|
1 |
1.0 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
18.00 |
2.00 |
2:1 |
Brusdar Graterol (R)
|
20 |
1 |
0.1 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
54.00 |
6.00 |
0:1 |
Last 3 |
|
1 |
0.1 |
1 |
2 |
2 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
54.00 |
6.00 |
0:1 |
Daniel Hudson (R)
|
6 |
53 |
51.2 |
36 |
19 |
15 |
7 |
12 |
50 |
2.61 |
0.93 |
38:38 |
Last 3 |
|
3 |
2.2 |
5 |
4 |
4 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
13.50 |
2.25 |
4:2 |
Alex Vesia (L)
|
5 |
54 |
53.1 |
29 |
17 |
11 |
6 |
25 |
71 |
1.86 |
1.01 |
21:38 |
Last 3 |
|
3 |
3.0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
3.00 |
1.00 |
1:3 |
Ryan Brasier (R)
|
2 |
16 |
16.1 |
10 |
6 |
6 |
3 |
3 |
14 |
3.31 |
0.80 |
19:7 |
Last 3 |
|
3 |
3.1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
4:1 |
Joe Kelly (R)
|
2 |
30 |
26.0 |
27 |
16 |
14 |
4 |
12 |
29 |
4.85 |
1.50 |
24:11 |
Last 3 |
|
3 |
3.0 |
2 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
2 |
3.00 |
1.00 |
4:0 |
Evan Phillips (R)
|
2 |
47 |
41.2 |
38 |
20 |
16 |
6 |
12 |
51 |
3.46 |
1.20 |
37:23 |
Last 3 |
|
3 |
3.0 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
5 |
3.00 |
0.67 |
2:1 |
Michael Kopech (R)
|
2 |
11 |
11.1 |
3 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
2 |
15 |
0.79 |
0.44 |
10:5 |
Last 3 |
|
3 |
3.0 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
2 |
3.00 |
1.00 |
3:2 |
Anthony Banda (L)
|
1 |
40 |
41.1 |
32 |
12 |
10 |
3 |
16 |
46 |
2.18 |
1.16 |
32:22 |
Last 3 |
|
3 |
3.0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
5 |
0.00 |
0.67 |
1:2 |
Blake Treinen (R)
|
1 |
37 |
33.1 |
29 |
11 |
10 |
5 |
10 |
39 |
2.70 |
1.17 |
27:20 |
Last 3 |
|
3 |
3.0 |
5 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
3.00 |
2.00 |
5:1 |
Bullpen Total |
180 |
290 |
276.1 |
207 |
106 |
87 |
36 |
93 |
315 |
2.83 |
1.09 |
210:166 |
Last 3 |
|
26 |
25.1 |
21 |
14 |
13 |
6 |
8 |
20 |
4.62 |
1.14 |
26:14 |
Available Bullpen |
178 |
213 |
201.2 |
146 |
83 |
67 |
28 |
67 |
230 |
2.99 |
1.06 |
151:124 |
Baltimore All Starters |
REST |
G |
IP |
H |
R |
ER |
HR |
BB |
SO |
ERA |
WHIP |
GB:FB |
Cole Irvin (L)
|
5 |
22 |
99.0 |
117 |
61 |
53 |
15 |
23 |
68 |
4.82 |
1.41 |
96:81 |
Last 3 |
|
3 |
12.0 |
20 |
15 |
11 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
8.25 |
2.00 |
14:8 |
Corbin Burnes (R)
|
4 |
26 |
159.1 |
140 |
65 |
58 |
18 |
40 |
146 |
3.28 |
1.13 |
164:75 |
Last 3 |
|
3 |
15.2 |
22 |
17 |
16 |
2 |
6 |
14 |
9.19 |
1.79 |
13:9 |
Cade Povich (L)
|
3 |
10 |
48.2 |
54 |
36 |
33 |
9 |
25 |
34 |
6.10 |
1.62 |
43:40 |
Last 3 |
|
3 |
15.2 |
21 |
13 |
10 |
2 |
7 |
10 |
5.74 |
1.79 |
9:16 |
Albert Suarez (R)
|
2 |
26 |
102.0 |
95 |
37 |
36 |
8 |
35 |
81 |
3.18 |
1.27 |
83:78 |
Last 3 |
|
3 |
18.1 |
15 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
3 |
14 |
0.98 |
0.98 |
15:18 |
Dean Kremer (R)
|
1 |
19 |
102.1 |
87 |
60 |
49 |
15 |
43 |
96 |
4.31 |
1.27 |
97:67 |
Last 3 |
|
3 |
18.0 |
14 |
5 |
5 |
0 |
7 |
15 |
2.50 |
1.17 |
18:10 |
LA Dodgers All Starters |
REST |
G |
IP |
H |
R |
ER |
HR |
BB |
SO |
ERA |
WHIP |
GB:FB |
Walker Buehler (R)
|
6 |
10 |
44.1 |
56 |
34 |
28 |
11 |
17 |
35 |
5.68 |
1.65 |
48:22 |
Last 3 |
|
3 |
11.1 |
17 |
14 |
11 |
3 |
8 |
6 |
8.74 |
2.21 |
14:6 |
Jack Flaherty (R)
|
5 |
4 |
22.1 |
23 |
9 |
8 |
4 |
5 |
29 |
3.22 |
1.25 |
15:12 |
Last 3 |
|
3 |
16.1 |
18 |
9 |
8 |
4 |
4 |
22 |
4.41 |
1.35 |
10:9 |
Bobby Miller (R)
|
3 |
9 |
39.2 |
50 |
33 |
33 |
11 |
19 |
37 |
7.49 |
1.74 |
39:19 |
Last 3 |
|
3 |
14.2 |
25 |
16 |
16 |
6 |
4 |
12 |
9.82 |
1.98 |
12:12 |
Clayton Kershaw (L)
|
2 |
6 |
29.0 |
33 |
16 |
12 |
1 |
8 |
24 |
3.72 |
1.41 |
31:15 |
Last 3 |
|
3 |
16.2 |
16 |
6 |
6 |
0 |
5 |
13 |
3.24 |
1.26 |
18:8 |
Gavin Stone (R)
|
1 |
24 |
135.1 |
128 |
50 |
50 |
16 |
36 |
112 |
3.33 |
1.21 |
135:80 |
Last 3 |
|
3 |
19.0 |
8 |
2 |
2 |
2 |
4 |
23 |
0.95 |
0.63 |
14:8 |
Umpire |
G |
W-L |
AVG |
PIT |
STR |
B |
STR% |
STR |
BB |
K/BB |
HR |
O/U |
Jansen Visconti
|
0 |
0-0 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0-0 |
Last 10 Games
Date |
Score |
Line |
O/U |
Road Starter |
Home Starter |
Aug 23, 2024
|
SD 7 - NYM 0
|
W -130 |
U
8.0
|
Paul Blackburn (R)
|
Joe Musgrove (R)
|
Aug 19, 2024
|
SF 5 - CHW 3
|
W -230 |
P
8.0
|
Jonathan Cannon (R)
|
Kyle Harrison (L)
|
Aug 8, 2024
|
PIT 6 - SD 7
|
L +101 |
O
9.0
|
Randy Vasquez (R)
|
Luis Ortiz (R)
|
Aug 3, 2024
|
CLE 4 - BAL 7
|
L +101 |
O
8.0
|
Zach Eflin (R)
|
Joey Cantillo (L)
|
Jul 30, 2024
|
BOS 6 - SEA 10
|
L +101 |
O
10.5
|
Luis Castillo (R)
|
James Paxton (L)
|
Jul 26, 2024
|
DET 3 - MIN 9
|
L +166 |
O
7.5
|
Pablo Lopez (R)
|
Keider Montero (R)
|
Jul 20, 2024
|
WAS 5 - CIN 4
|
W +102 |
O
8.0
|
Nick Lodolo (L)
|
MacKenzie Gore (L)
|
Jul 12, 2024
|
STL 1 - CHC 5
|
L -196 |
U
8.0
|
Kyle Hendricks (R)
|
Sonny Gray (R)
|
Jul 10, 2024
|
DET 5 - CLE 4
|
W +130 |
O
7.5
|
Tanner Bibee (R)
|
Reese Olson (R)
|
Jun 30, 2024
|
SF 10 - LAD 4
|
W -100 |
O
8.5
|
James Paxton (L)
|
Spencer Bivens (R)
|
Pages Related to This Topic